Kidneys, collecting system, retroperitoneum, bladder, and urethra.
Böbrekler, kan basıncını, elektrolit dengesini ve kırmızı kan hücresi üretimini düzenleyen hayati retroperitoneal organlardır. Böbreğin iç makroskopik anatomisini ve damar yollarını keşfedin.
The kidneys are vital retroperitoneal organs regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production. Explore the internal macroscopic anatomy and complex vascular pathways of the kidney.
The female urethra is a short muscular tube approximately 3–4 cm long, extending from the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral meatus in the vaginal vestibule. Its close relationship to the anterior vaginal wall and the rhabdosphincter mechanism are critical in urinary continence and gynecological surgery.
The male urethra is approximately 20 cm long and serves both urinary and reproductive functions. It is divided into four parts: intramural, prostatic, membranous (external sphincter), and spongy (penile). The membranous urethra is the narrowest and most vulnerable segment, frequently injured in pelvic trauma.